Some time ago I had a fellow with a doctorate in economics question why I use the word “volume” & proceeded to hold some authority over me because according to him today’s economics doesn’t use volumes & because I don’t have a degree like him in today’s lie of economy I have no authority on the subject, evidently because I’m using volumes apparently.

My reply was quite simple when I proceeded to ask him if today’s economics uses percentages to demonstrate rates of profit, margins of solubility or purported growth how is this not a measurement in respect to volume?

For example if you have a 25% gross profit is this not telling you that 25% exceeds the overall volume of 100% in net profit? Alliteratively you could look at it this way if you invest $80 & get back $100 is this not  a 25% gain or $20 in proportion to the initial $80 investment . $80 therefore is your 100% volume or overall outlay & $20 is your 25% net gain.

Eg: 80 ÷ 4 = 20 = 25% = 1/4.

In short the percentage (%) is a scale used to measure something as a fraction comparative to associated volume.

So If you want to take down any economist in one question just ask them what is volume of circulation that’s neither above or below its intended representation, or in broad obscure terms othtrwise taught in universities that might make some sense to these buffoons; a volume of circulation that’s neither above or below the cost of goods & services (ie:representation).

Without giving away the answer here its simply a question of logic that extends the mathematics from one point to another.

Hint: if “C” is neither above “I” or below “D” what is “C” in proportion to “V”?

Of course its a Circulation  always [_____] in Volume , or alternatively always [______] in Value  in proportion to a Volume of Circulation relating to the dispositional impropriety of Inflation  & Deflation  in respect to represented property & or production, which gives you the same answer of logic anyhow.

Those of who cant immediately  answer this question  I suggest you read the home page or seek the answer in the menu.

I’m nonetheless still waiting for this pretended expert’s answer, which is an answer so simple it equates to the rudimentary logic of a kindergarten child putting a square peg through a square hole.